Energy system of Mongolia.

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ENERGY SYSTEM OF MONGOLIA

Mongolia's energy system plays a key role in the country's economic and social development. Located in Central Asia, Mongolia has significant energy potential due to its rich reserves of natural resources, including coal, uranium and renewable energy sources such as wind and solar. In recent years, the Government of Mongolia has been striving to modernize and diversify the energy sector, which contributes to the sustainable development of the country.
 

Coal remains the main source of energy in Mongolia, covering more than 90% of the total electricity demand. Mongolia ranks eighth in the world in terms of coal reserves, which makes its extraction and use economically profitable. The main coal deposits are located in the central and eastern parts of the country. Coal is used not only for power generation, but also for heating residential buildings, as winters in Mongolia can be extremely harsh.
 

However, dependence on coal raises concerns about environmental and climate issues. Carbon dioxide emissions and emissions of pollutants have a significant impact on the environment and the health of citizens. Therefore, Mongolia is actively looking for new solutions to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and switch to environmentally friendly energy sources.
 

One of the promising areas is the development of renewable energy sources. Mongolia has huge potential for the use of solar and wind energy. Wind energy is especially promising due to the open steppes, where wind speeds reach high values. Solar installations can work effectively on the territory of almost the entire country, given the abundance of sunny days throughout the year.
 

These natural conditions have created the prerequisites for attracting international investment and technology. For example, Mongolia actively cooperates with international organizations and private companies to implement projects in the field of solar and wind energy. The success of these projects will not only reduce the carbon footprint, but also ensure the energy security of the country, reducing dependence on imported energy carriers.
 

Another important aspect is the development of hydropower. Although Mongolia does not abound in large rivers, the construction of small hydroelectric power plants can be part of the solution to the energy problem, providing local energy supply and reducing the load on the central network.
 

In addition, Mongolia is exploring the potential of using bioenergy and geothermal energy. In rural areas, biomass can be an effective solution for heating and generating electricity, and geothermal resources can be used in a number of geothermal active zones.
 

The modernization and expansion of the existing energy infrastructure remains a key task for the country. This includes improving the condition of electrical networks, increasing their stability and ensuring a more even distribution of energy throughout the country. Previously worn-out infrastructure often led to power losses and reduced energy supply efficiency.
 

An equally important task is to develop and implement a regulatory framework that encourages the development and use of renewable energy sources. At the moment, the Government of Mongolia is taking steps to create favorable conditions for investors and introduce innovative technologies in the energy sector.
 

The development of Mongolia's energy sector is of great importance not only for domestic growth, but also for the formation of the country as an active participant in the international energy market. Mongolia plans to increase its electricity exports, as its high export opportunities can help strengthen economic ties with neighboring countries, including China and Russia.
 

Thus, Mongolia's energy system is in the process of significant transformation. The country, with its rich resource potential and the support of the international community, has every opportunity to create a sustainable, efficient and environmentally friendly energy system that will serve as the basis for further prosperity and development of the nation.